A free, independent resource for pet owners and veterinarians exploring peptide and repurposed drug research for animal health. Every protocol is sourced from peer-reviewed studies, graded for evidence quality, and presented with complete transparency. Not medical advice: for educational and research purposes only.
Every compound on this site is graded for evidence quality using a traffic-light system. These grades reflect the strength of published, peer-reviewed evidence, not our opinion on whether a compound works. We believe transparent uncertainty builds more trust than false confidence.
Multiple studies in the target species or approved for use in 2+ countries. Published clinical data with a known safety profile. Does not mean “proven”. It means the evidence base is meaningfully established.
Some published data supports this use, but evidence may be limited to one species, one study, preclinical models, or extrapolated from human or rodent data using allometric scaling. Promising but incomplete.
Evidence is limited to cell culture, rodent models, or mechanistic reasoning. No companion-animal data exists. Highly experimental, and included for completeness, not endorsement.
Regulatory badges indicate each compound’s current FDA status. “FDA-Approved” means the drug is approved for some veterinary use (not necessarily oncology). “Research-Use Only” means no FDA approval pathway exists. “FDA Category 2” means the compound is currently prohibited from human compounding but has no veterinary-specific restriction. All compound pages include species-specific evidence notes where canine, feline, or equine data differs.
The ten terms you’ll meet on every compound page, in plain language.
Each academy carries 9 compounds, 4 combinations and 9 protocols, with dosing and safety notes written for that animal.
Published canine PK data for BPC-157, plus breed-specific warnings for Collies, Aussies and Bedlingtons.
Enter Canine Academy
Lateral body-wall injection, topical-first copper peptides and a lower ivermectin ceiling of 0.4 mg/kg.
Enter Feline Academy
Tendon and ligament timelines with ultrasound checkpoints, and detection windows for competition horses.
Enter Equine Academy
Tissue repairComplementary repair through vascular and structural pathways.
Multi-compound research protocols with week-by-week timelines, owner observations and the biological markers to watch at each phase.
Some compounds may have complementary effects when administered together, based on their investigated mechanisms. Each component in the protocols below addresses a different biological pathway, reducing redundancy and potentially broadening therapeutic coverage.
Regeneration protocol
BPC-157 is investigated for promoting angiogenesis via VEGF upregulation and modulating the NO system. TB-500 is associated with actin-based cell migration and collagen deposition in preclinical studies. Together they cover vascular repair (BPC-157) and structural tissue remodeling (TB-500): two distinct but complementary healing pathways.
Run both peptides concurrently. BPC-157 is administered daily (SQ near injury or systemic). TB-500 is administered 2×/week during loading, 1×/week during maintenance. They can be injected on the same day at different sites, or alternated (e.g. BPC-157 daily, TB-500 on Mon/Thu).
Do not mix in the same syringe. Draw and inject separately.
TB-500 is contraindicated with active cancer. Screen all patients before initiating. BPC-157 alone is a valid alternative for cancer patients needing tissue repair.
SpeciesAll (canine, feline, equine). Adjust doses per the species-specific tables.
Wound healing protocol
Adds GHK-Cu’s copper-dependent gene activation (4,000+ genes) for collagen remodeling and skin regeneration on top of the Wolverine base. GHK-Cu is particularly studied for surface-level wound healing, skin and coat quality, and scar prevention, while BPC-157 and TB-500 handle deeper tissue and vascular repair.
GHK-Cu can be applied topically (2×/day to the wound site) and/or injected SQ (daily or 3×/wk). BPC-157 and TB-500 are administered per the Wolverine protocol. Topical GHK-Cu does not count against injection-site rotation. For injectable use, choose a separate injection site from BPC-157 and TB-500.
TB-500: contraindicated with active cancer. GHK-Cu injectable: monitor liver values (copper accumulation). Avoid in Bedlington Terriers and breeds with copper storage disease. Cats: use conservative GHK-Cu doses with hepatic monitoring.
SpeciesBest established in canine and equine. Feline: use with caution due to copper sensitivity; topical preferred over injectable GHK-Cu.
Oncology protocol · highly experimental
Three distinct investigational mechanisms targeting different pathways. TA1 is reported to activate NK cells and CD8+ T-cells for immune surveillance (PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway modulation observed in vitro). PNC-27 has been observed to bind membrane-bound HDM-2 on cancer cells and may induce selective pore formation; normal cells appear unaffected in preclinical models. Ivermectin (a repurposed antiparasitic) is investigated for Akt/mTOR and Wnt signaling modulation, a third independent pathway under study.
Stagger injections across the week:
Do not combine TA1 and PNC-27 in the same syringe. Ivermectin is oral only. Start TA1 alone for 1 week before adding PNC-27 to establish immune priming. Ivermectin is added at week 4 if tolerated.
All three components are Level V evidence (in vitro/rodent only for PNC-27). Ivermectin in cats: use with extreme caution, as some breeds have MDR1 gene sensitivity. Never combine with BPC-157/TB-500 in cancer patients; both are associated with promoting angiogenesis and cell migration.
SpeciesDeveloped primarily for feline cancer (FISS, lymphoma, FIV-associated). Applicable to canine and equine (sarcoid, melanoma) with dose adjustments.
Comprehensive oncology protocol · highly experimental
Fenbendazole and ivermectin are investigated for targeting cancer through distinct but complementary pathways. Fenbendazole has been observed to destabilize microtubules and interfere with cancer cell glucose metabolism (GLUT1/HKII inhibition reported in vitro). Ivermectin is studied for Wnt/β-catenin, Akt/mTOR and PAK1 pathway modulation, which are different targets entirely. Adding TA1 may provide immune activation (NK cells, CD8+ T-cells reported in published studies) for a three-pronged investigational approach: structural disruption, metabolic interference and immune engagement.
Both are oral and can be given with the same fatty meal for improved absorption. TA1 is an SQ injection on alternating days. Stagger:
MDR1 test mandatory for ivermectin in dogs. Monthly CBC and liver panel required. Do NOT combine fenbendazole with vincristine/paclitaxel (overlapping mechanisms). All components are experimental for oncology use. Veterinary supervision required.
SpeciesCanine (with MDR1 clearance), equine, feline (reduced ivermectin dose with extreme caution).
Peptides should always be drawn and injected separately. Mixing peptides in a single syringe can cause aggregation, degradation, or unpredictable interactions. Use separate syringes, separate injection sites, and rotate sites per the Injection Site Guide.
Calculate precise doses for any compound and species. Toggle between Simple and Clinical views for owner-friendly or full veterinary detail.
Educational research reference only, based on the published ranges on this site. Doses are not veterinary advice. Confirm every dose, formulation and schedule with a licensed veterinarian under a valid VCPR before administering anything.
Visual reference for subcutaneous (SQ), intramuscular (IM), topical and intratumoral injection sites by species. Always consult your veterinarian for proper technique training before administering any injectable. Fenbendazole and ivermectin are given orally; see the species-specific sections for details.
Most common SQ site. Tent skin between shoulder blades, insert needle into skin fold at 45°. Good for BPC-157, TA1, TB-500. Use 25–27G needle, 0.5–1 mL max per site.
Loose skin along ribs. Good rotation site for daily protocols. Tent skin away from body, inject into fold. Alternate sides each day.
Inguinal/flank fold with abundant loose skin. Ideal for larger volume injections. Rotate left/right daily.
Primary IM site for dogs. Palpate muscle belly, insert 22–25G needle perpendicular. For MGF, IGF-1 LR3, or BPC-157 near injury. Aspirate before injecting.
For localized spinal or back injuries. Use for BPC-157 targeting lumbar disc issues. Insert into muscle mass lateral to spine.
Preferred over scruff for cats. FISS (Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma) risk is higher interscapularly. Inject along the lateral body wall with rotating sites. Use 25–27G needle.
Rotate with left side. Tent skin, insert at a shallow 30–45° angle. Good for BPC-157, TA1 daily dosing.
Alternate with right side chest. Keep injection volume small (<0.5 mL per site for cats).
Only IM site for most cats. Use 25G needle, small volume (<0.3 mL). For BPC-157 targeting hind limb injuries or MGF. Aspirate before injecting.
Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma risk is elevated with repeated interscapular (scruff) injections. Use lateral body wall sites and rotate aggressively. Record injection sites and dates. If any firm lump develops at an injection site and persists >3 months, grows >2 cm, or continues to grow 1 month after injection, seek immediate veterinary evaluation.
Primary IM site for horses. Palpate the triangle between nuchal ligament (top), cervical vertebrae (bottom) and scapula (rear). Insert 18–20G × 1.5″ needle perpendicular. Up to 20 mL per site.
Tent skin over lateral neck, inject at a shallow angle. For TA1, BPC-157 systemic dosing. Use 20–22G needle. Rotate between left and right neck.
Good secondary IM site. For TB-500, BPC-157 targeting forelimb injuries. Insert needle perpendicular into muscle mass.
Large muscle mass for higher volume IM injections. For MGF, IGF-1 LR3 near hind limb injuries. Use caution and avoid the sciatic nerve area.
For BPC-157, MGF, IGF-1 LR3: inject IM as close to the injury as practical. Particularly useful for tendon/ligament injuries. Must be performed by a veterinarian.
Never reuse needles between injections. Always use a fresh, sterile needle and syringe for each injection. Clean injection sites with an alcohol swab before administration. Aspirate (pull back the plunger) before all IM injections; if blood appears, withdraw and choose a different insertion point. Record injection sites and rotate daily. Dispose of sharps in an approved sharps container. All injectable peptides should be refrigerated and reconstituted per manufacturer specifications.
Drug targets and compound receptors can undergo desensitization (downregulation) with continuous, prolonged exposure. Scheduled breaks, known as “cycling”, may help maintain receptor responsiveness and therapeutic efficacy. This is an active area of investigation with limited direct veterinary data; the cycling patterns below are extrapolated from pharmacological principles and human clinical use.
When a receptor is continuously stimulated by its ligand, cells often respond by internalizing receptors (pulling them off the membrane surface) or reducing receptor expression (making fewer). This means the same dose produces a diminishing effect over time, a phenomenon called tachyphylaxis. Scheduled breaks allow receptor populations to recover, restoring sensitivity for the next treatment cycle.
BPC-157 acts primarily through VEGF/eNOS signaling pathways. Published data suggests minimal desensitization risk at therapeutic doses, and no toxic dose has been established. However, extended continuous use (>8 weeks) has not been studied in companion animals.
Suggested2–4 weeks on → 1 week off → repeat as needed. May run continuously for acute injuries ≤4 weeks.
TB-500 is associated with actin polymerization and cell migration. Its loading/maintenance structure inherently cycles intensity. Continuous high-dose exposure may theoretically saturate actin-binding sites. Equine studies used finite treatment windows (4–12 weeks) rather than indefinite dosing.
Suggested2–4 weeks loading → 4–8 weeks maintenance → 4 weeks off before a new cycle.
TA1 is an immunomodulator: it rebalances immune function rather than stimulating a single receptor pathway. Approved for long-term use in 35+ countries as Zadaxin®. Desensitization risk is considered low because it acts through TLR2/TLR9 and modulates dendritic cell maturation rather than directly agonizing a single receptor. Cancer and chronic infection protocols may justify continuous use.
Suggested4–12 weeks on → 2–4 weeks off. For active cancer or FIV/FeLV, may be used continuously per veterinary judgment.
GHK-Cu modulates 4,000+ genes and acts through copper-dependent remodeling pathways rather than a single receptor. Topical use carries minimal desensitization risk and may be used continuously. Injectable use introduces systemic copper, which accumulates, so hepatic monitoring is needed for cycles >4 weeks.
SuggestedInjectable: 4–8 weeks on → 4 weeks off (monitor liver). Topical: continuous for chronic dermatologic conditions.
PNC-27 is investigated for targeting membrane-bound HDM-2 on cancer cells, a protein that normal cells do not express on their surface. Because the target is cancer-cell-specific and the mechanism is physical membrane disruption (pore formation), classical receptor desensitization may not apply. However, tumor microenvironment adaptation and HDM-2 expression changes are theoretically possible over time.
Suggested8–12 weeks continuous → reassess imaging and clinical response → continue if effective. No established cycling protocol.
Growth factors carry the highest desensitization risk. The IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) undergoes well-documented downregulation with sustained exposure. The extended half-life of LR3 (~20–30 hrs vs native ~20 min) amplifies this concern. MGF (IGF-1Ec) has a shorter half-life (~15 min) but is reported to activate satellite cells through similar pathways. Mandatory cycling is strongly recommended.
Mandatory4 weeks on → 4 weeks off. Max 3 cycles. Monitor blood glucose during on-cycles. Do not stack IGF-1 LR3 and MGF simultaneously.
Fenbendazole’s 3-on/4-off schedule is itself a cycling protocol. The 4-day break allows bone marrow recovery and hepatic clearance. Extended continuous daily dosing has been associated with bone marrow suppression in dogs. The weekly cycling is expected to help prevent receptor desensitization and reduce cumulative toxicity risk.
Built-in3 days on → 4 days off weekly. Monitor CBC monthly. May run continuously (with weekly breaks) for 12+ weeks if bloodwork is stable.
Ivermectin is investigated for modulating multiple pathways (Wnt, Akt/mTOR, PAK1) rather than a single receptor, reducing classical desensitization risk. It has been used as a daily heartworm preventive in dogs for decades with sustained efficacy. For cancer protocols, a 5-on/2-off schedule provides periodic breaks while maintaining consistent pathway modulation.
Suggested5 days on → 2 days off, or daily continuous. Monthly liver/CBC monitoring. MDR1 test mandatory before starting in dogs.
Injectable research peptides (BPC-157, TB-500, TA1, GHK-Cu, PNC-27, IGF-1 LR3, MGF) ship as lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and must be reconstituted with bacteriostatic water before use. Proper reconstitution technique directly affects compound stability, sterility, and accurate dosing. Check the vial’s COA first →
You will need: a lyophilized peptide vial, bacteriostatic water (BAC water with 0.9% benzyl alcohol), alcohol swabs, insulin syringes (29–31G), and a clean workspace.
BAC water preserves sterility for multi-use over ~28 days. Do not use sterile water (single-use only) or saline unless specifically directed.
Wipe both the peptide vial and BAC water vial rubber stoppers with an alcohol swab. Allow to air dry (~10 seconds). Do not blow on them or touch them with fingers after cleaning.
Contamination at this step is the #1 cause of bacterial growth. Work on a clean, flat surface. Wash hands thoroughly or wear gloves.
Using an insulin syringe, draw the desired amount of BAC water. Common volumes are 1 mL or 2 mL depending on desired concentration. See the table below for reference amounts.
Pull the plunger back slowly to minimize air bubbles. If bubbles appear, tap the syringe gently and push them out before injecting into the peptide vial.
Insert the needle through the peptide vial stopper. Do not spray directly onto the powder. Aim the stream against the glass wall and let the water trickle down gently over the powder cake.
Forceful spraying can damage peptide bonds and reduce potency. The powder should dissolve on its own, which typically takes 30–120 seconds. Do not shake.
If powder remains after 2 minutes, gently roll or swirl the vial between your palms. The solution should be completely clear with no visible particles or cloudiness.
Shaking denatures peptides by breaking bonds at the air-liquid interface. If the solution is still cloudy after 5 minutes of gentle swirling, the peptide may be degraded. Do not use.
Refrigerate immediately at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F). Label the vial with the peptide name, concentration (mg/mL), reconstitution date, and expiration (28 days from reconstitution).
Never freeze reconstituted peptides. Avoid light exposure. BPC-157 is especially light-sensitive: store in a dark location or wrap the vial in foil. Discard after 28 days.
Example: 5 mg peptide + 2 mL BAC water = 2.5 mg/mL → each 0.1 mL (10 units on an insulin syringe) = 0.25 mg = 250 mcg
| Peptide vial | BAC water | Concentration | 100 mcg | 250 mcg | 500 mcg | 1 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 mg | 1 mL | 5 mg/mL | 0.02 mL2 units | 0.05 mL5 units | 0.10 mL10 units | 0.20 mL20 units |
| 5 mg | 2 mL | 2.5 mg/mL | 0.04 mL4 units | 0.10 mL10 units | 0.20 mL20 units | 0.40 mL40 units |
| 10 mg | 2 mL | 5 mg/mL | 0.02 mL2 units | 0.05 mL5 units | 0.10 mL10 units | 0.20 mL20 units |
| 10 mg | 5 mL | 2 mg/mL | 0.05 mL5 units | 0.125 mL12.5 units | 0.25 mL25 units | 0.50 mL50 units |
Fenbendazole and ivermectin are administered orally and do not require reconstitution. Fenbendazole is available as liquid (Panacur 10% = 100 mg/mL), granules (222 mg packets), or paste. Ivermectin is available as an injectable solution (given orally in cats and dogs) or oral paste (equine). See the species-specific dosing sections for details.
All protocols on this site are derived from published, peer-reviewed research. References are organized by species applicability for easy lookup.
No feline-specific studies are included in the current reference set. All feline protocols are extrapolated using allometric BSA scaling (feline Km = 12) from canine and rodent PK data. This represents a significant evidence gap and underscores the need for the Outcome Tracker to collect real-world feline outcome data.
Equine data is strongest for TB-500/thymosin β4, which has been studied in horses since the early 2000s (thymosin β4 itself was discovered in the 1960s). Doping detection methods are well established. Other equine protocols use BSA-scaled doses from human/rodent data.
He L et al. PK, distribution, metabolism, excretion of BPC 157 in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022. PMID 36588722
CanineXu C et al. Preclinical safety evaluation of BPC-157. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020. PMID 32334036
GeneralVasireddi N et al. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. OJSM. 2025. PMC12313605
GeneralGwyer D et al. BPC 157 and musculoskeletal soft tissue healing. Cell Tissue Res. 2019. PMID 30915550
GeneralJozwiak M et al. Multifunctionality of BPC 157: Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals. 2025. PMC11859134
GeneralKleinman HK, Sosne G. Animal studies with thymosin β4. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010. PMID 20536453
EquineGoldstein AL et al. Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012. PMID 22074294
GeneralKwok WH et al. Doping control analysis of TB-500 in equine urine/plasma. J Chromatogr B. 2013. PMID 23084823
EquineEsposito S et al. TB500/TB1000: understanding misbranded drugs. Drug Test Anal. 2022. doi:10.1002/dta.3413
EquinePhilp D, Kleinman HK. Animal studies with thymosin beta 4. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010.
GeneralKing R, Tuthill C. Immune modulation with thymosin alpha 1. Vitam Horm. 2016. PMID 27450734
GeneralDominari A et al. Thymosin alpha 1: comprehensive review. World J Virol. 2020. PMID 33362999
GeneralBellet MM et al. Thymosin Alpha1 in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol. 2019. doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.00873
GeneralGuo Y et al. TA1 suppresses breast cancer via PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Apoptosis. 2015.
GeneralWang F et al. TA1-Fc with prolonged half-life. Sci Rep. 2018. PMID 30120313
GeneralLi Y et al. Thymosin α-1 in cancer: immunoregulation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023.
GeneralGoldspink G. Mechanical signals, IGF-I gene splicing, muscle adaptation. Physiology. 2005. PMID 16174871
GeneralPickart L et al. GHK Peptide in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Res Int. 2015. PMC4508379
GeneralPickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative Actions of GHK-Cu. Int J Mol Sci. 2018. PMC6073405
GeneralCanapp SO et al. Topical GHK-Cu on ischemic canine wounds. Vet Surg. 2003. PMID 14569578
CanineMaquart FX et al. GHK-Cu stimulates connective tissue in rat wounds. J Clin Invest. 1993. PMID 8227350
GeneralSarafraz-Yazdi E et al. PNC-27 binds HDM-2, induces membrane-pore formation. Biomedicines. 2022.
GeneralSarafraz-Yazdi E et al. PNC-27 investigated for selective cytotoxicity via membrane HDM-2. PNAS. 2010. PMID 20080606
GeneralSookraj KA et al. PNC-27 induces tumor cell lysis as intact peptide. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010. PMID 20182728
GeneralDavitt K et al. PNC-27 induces necrosis of K562 leukemia cells. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2014. PMID 25117093
GeneralPincus MR et al. Poptosis: selective killing of cancer cells. Clin Oncol. 2023.
GeneralJAHVM Case Report: Canine stifle with BPC-157 + TB500. JAHVM. 2023. ahvma.org
CanineJuarez M et al. Ivermectin: antiparasitic to cancer drug. Am J Cancer Res. 2018. PMID 29344093
GeneralDogra N et al. Fenbendazole acts as a moderate microtubule destabilizing agent and causes cancer cell death. Sci Rep. 2018;8:11926. PMID 30093705
GeneralSong B et al. Fenbendazole: An Anticancer Agent? A Case Series of Self-Administration. Case Rep Oncol. 2025;18:856. PMC12215191
GeneralNguyen J et al. Oral Fenbendazole for Cancer Therapy in Humans and Animals. Anticancer Res. 2024;44(9):3725–3735.
GeneralLeach B et al. Fenbendazole as a Potential Anticancer Drug. Anticancer Res. 2012. PMC3580766
GeneralKim YJ et al. Fenbendazole Exhibits Differential Anticancer Effects In Vitro and In Vivo in Mouse Lymphoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023;45:8925–8938. PMC10670425
GeneralLi L et al. Fenbendazole induces pyroptosis in breast cancer cells through HK2/caspase-3/GSDME. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1596694.
GeneralZhu M et al. Ivermectin inhibits canine mammary tumor growth by regulating cell cycle and WNT signaling. BMC Vet Res. 2019;15:238. PMC6679554
CanineTang M et al. Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug. Pharmacol Res. 2021;163:105207. PMC7505114
GeneralDominguez-Gomez G et al. Ivermectin as repositioned cancer drug: antitumor effects at clinically feasible concentrations. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2020;85:1153–1163.
GeneralMorinaga S et al. Ivermectin Combined With rMETase Synergistically Eradicates Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res. 2025;45(1):97–103.
GeneralNo references match. Try a compound name like “BPC-157” or “Fenbendazole”.
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Every report contributes to aggregate data that helps the entire community understand what’s working, what isn’t, and what needs more study.
This is community quality improvement, not a clinical trial. Reports are anonymized observational data from self-selected participants. They cannot establish causation, may contain reporting bias, and should not be interpreted as clinical evidence. We present aggregate data transparently, including limitations. Always consult a licensed veterinarian before starting or changing any treatment protocol.
Good evidence means multiple studies in the target species, or approval in two or more countries.
Allometric scaling, cycling and reconstitution math, worked out for you and shown step by step.
See all tools
Pick species, weight and compound. Switch between conservative, standard and aggressive ranges.
Numbered site diagrams for each species, with needle gauge, volume limits and aspiration technique.
On/off schedules per compound that limit desensitization and receptor downregulation.
Six steps for lyophilized peptides, plus a reference table in insulin-syringe units.
Record owner observations and biological markers week by week, so your vet sees the full picture.
Owners, vet techs and veterinarians use the academy to ask better questions, track what changes, and walk into appointments prepared.
Start with the references
The most established evidence base of the nine. Immune modulation, studied as an oncology adjunct.
Published canine PK data. Core of the Wolverine and GLOW protocols.
Thymosin β4 fragment for tissue repair.
Copper tripeptide for collagen and wound remodeling.
Repurposed anthelmintic studied in oncology protocols.
Antiparasitic with a published canine mammary tumor cell study.
Mechano growth factor, paired with activity restriction.
Growth factor with mandatory cycling and glucose monitoring.
Investigational HDM-2-targeting peptide. Level V, in vitro only.
New studies, protocol revisions and safety notices. About one email a month.
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